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юн. атмос - буғ ва спҳере - шар

ер ва бошқа фазовий жисмларнинг газсимон қобиғи. Ер юзасида у асосан азот (78,08 %), кислород (20,95 %), аргон (0,93 %), сув буғи (0,2-2,6 %), карбонат ангидрид газидан (0,03 %) ташкил топган.

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Biosphere инглизча

Greek bios – life, sphaira – ball

one of the layers of the Earth shells (spheres) both a composition and energy of which in their significant features are determined by the activity of a Living matter. This term, introduced by E. Zuss in 1875, on the results of works by V.I. Vernadskiy, became a symbol of all outward area of the planet of Earth. B. includes troposphere, hydrosphere, rock sphere with power of 30-40 kms.

Синонимлари: Ecosphere

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Vitasphere инглизча

Latin vita – life and sphaire – ball

a stratum of biosphere that includes nowadays living organisms and parts of atmosphere, hydrosphere and rock sphere, involved by these organisms in a biogenic turnover. Power of V. overland is up to hundreds of meters. V. differs from the concept of “geographic shell” (landscape environment) and is characterized by the fact that it does not include a geosystem where life is practically absent: acting volcanoes, lava lakes, sterile areas of eternal ices and other abiogenist landscapes.

Синонимлари: phytogeosphere

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Biosphere reserve инглизча

English biosphere reserve

protected areas of the ground, coastal and marine ecosystems or their combinations which are included into an international network of the UNESCO program “Man and Biosphere” (MAB) being an instrument of conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components. B.r. is kept under the state control in which it is located and under control of the appropriate regional and local authorities. B.r. ensures the implementation of the following functions: protection of landscapes, ecosystems and species: demonstration of possibilities and assistance to stable social and economic development; implementation of the demonstrational projects, educational programs in the field of environment, scientific researches and monitoring at local, regional and global levels with the purpose of nature conservation.

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